Quality Difference Analysis of Raw and Steamed Products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Based on Electronic Eye Technique and Chemical Fingerprint / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the quality differences between steamed products and raw products of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP）. MethodThe color of steamed products and raw products of CRP was determined from the perspective of appearance by electronic eye technique， and the quality differences between them was objectively characterized by the luminous value（L*）， yellow-blue value（b*）， red-green value（a*） and total chromatic value（E*ab）. Based on this， ultra-high performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to establish a fingerprint evaluation method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-5 min， 5%A； 5-30 min， 5%-20%A； 30-60 min， 20%-52%A）， detection wavelength at 270 nm， flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1 and column temperature of 30 ℃. The quality differences between steamed products and raw products of CRP were compared from the perspective of chemical composition， and correlation analysis was used to reveal the correlation between the difference in appearance color and the difference in internal chemical composition. ResultAfter being steamed， L*， b* and E*ab of CRP showed an overall decreasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products darkened and deepened from yellow to blue but still tended to be yellow， while a* showed an overall increasing trend， indicating that the color of the steamed products tended to red. A total of 24 peaks were identified in the fingerprint profiles of raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 13 of the main peaks were identified. The precision， stability and repeatability studies showed that compared with the reference peak （peak 14， hesperidin）， the relative standard deviations（RSDs） of the relative peak area and relative retention time of the remaining peaks were<3.0%.The results of chemometric statistical analysis showed that there were some differences between raw products and steamed products of CRP， and 7 main differential components were identified， among which 5-hydroxymaltol（peak 1） and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（peak 2） were the characteristic components of steamed products. The correlation analysis results showed that， in addition to the above two characteristic components， four components of peak 4， peak 10 （vicenin-2）， peak 23 （tangeretin） and peak 24 （5-demethylnobiletin） also correlated significantly with the color change （E*ab） of the samples （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBefore and after steaming， not only the chemical composition changes， but also the color. Comparing the characteristic peaks of chemical composition difference and color difference before and after steaming of CRP， it is found that 5-hydroxymaltol， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and peak 4 are common characteristic difference components， which can provide a reference for establishing the characteristic quality control method of steamed products， and quickly evaluating the quality difference between raw products and steamed products of CRP.

Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing for evaluation of dysphagia after stroke / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the application value of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in patients with dysphagia after stroke.Methods:A total of 200 patients with dysphagia who received treatment in Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study. All patients underwent videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFFS) and FEES. Examination results and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between VFFS and FEES.Results:VFFS results revealed that oral food residue occurred in 122 patients, food leakage in 168 patients, food aspiration in 170 patients, epiglottis valley residue in 179 patients, pyriform sinus residue in 184 patients, cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction in 61 patients, and abnormal esophageal peristalsis in 58 patients. FEES results revealed that food leakage occurred in 173 patients, food penetration in 151 patients, food aspiration in 180 patients, food retention in 166 patients, and vocal neoplasm in 21 patients. The incidence of adverse reactions generated in FEES was lower than that in VFFS (5.5% vs. 12.0%, χ2 = 5.29, P < 0.05). Conclusion:FEES has high sensitivity and safety in the detection of dysphagia after stroke, and it has important guiding significance for the treatment of dysphagia.

Clinical Study on Moxibustion for Perimenopausal Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in treating perimenopausal syndrome (PMS).Method Totally 108 PMS patients of yang deficiency or yin deficiency constitution were randomized into a treatment group of 56 cases and a control group of 52 cases. The treatment group was intervened by moxibustion, while the control group was by medication. The modified Kupperman Index (KI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were observed before and after treatment for comparison.Result The KI score, HAMA score, SCL-90 total score, and SDS score were significantly changed in both groups after intervention (P<0.01,P<0.05). After treatment, the KI score, HAMA score, SCL-90 total score, and SDS score in the treatment group were significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Moxibustion is effective in treating PMS, and it can improve the anxiety and depression symptoms of the patients.

Most advance on chemical and biological investigations of gorgonian-octocorals / 中国中药杂志

This review presents the most recent chemical and biological investigations on one of the marine invertebrates, gorgonian octocoral. It summarizes all 432 new compounds published in 2002-2009, which consists of 46 sesquiterpenoids (including 2 new natural products, NNP), 282 diterpenoids (including 4 from Pennatulacea octocoral and one artifact), 76 steroids, and 29 alkaloids or other types (2 NNP included). In this paper, according to the structure division, the new compounds are described in combination with the taxonomy of the investigated animals, and its simultaneous bioactivity results. Novel skeletons and complex structures are paid most emphasis on its features, means of structural elucidation and the proposed biogenesis pathway. The source of all new compounds and the different diterpenoid skeleton types are all listed and analyzed, as well as the commonly used Chinese names or some proposed ones for diterpenoid skeletons. Furthermore, this papers deals with all biological test toward the gorgonian new metabolites, i.e. anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial(against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis etc), anti-malaria, and anti-fouling as well, in which anti-cancer activity and cytotoxicity were additionally, a discussion and prospect are proposed regarding chemical overview on gorgonian. This review, hopefully, can be useful in proving data and references for further chemical and biological research of China sea gorgonian, for the studies on chemical ecology, and for the discovery of new and bioactive compounds or the marine-derived leading targets.

Simultaneous determination of 4 major components in semen cassiae obtusifoline by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 4 major components in semen cassiae obtusifoline and provide valuable data for quality control of semen cassiae obtusifoline.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Eluted with water: acetonitrile: tetramethylene oxide: glacial acetic acid (100: 23: 5:1). Detecte at 278 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Four compositions were separated well. Good linearies were obtained within the range of 0.274-1.37 microg, 0.153-0.765 microg, 0.302-1.51 microg and 0.052-0.26 microg for rubrofusarin gentiobioside, casside, aurantio-obtusin-6-O-beta-D- glucopyranoside, casside B respectively. The average recoveries were 100.9% (RSD 1.8%),101.2% (RSD 1.2%), 99.40% (RSD 2.2%), 100.5% (RSD 1.6%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate, reliable and convenient. It can be used to control the quality of semen cassiae obtusifoline and its products.</p>

Clinical analysis of ageing changes and comorbidities in 6426 inpatients with hypertension / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To discuss the relationship of hypertension with ageing and comorbidities in 6426 inpatients. Methods The data of 6426 inpatients with hypertension from May 2005 to May 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. All inpatients were divided into four groups: the young-aged group from 18 to 44 yrs (n= 312, 4. 8%), the middle-aged group from 45 to 59 yrs (n= 1529,23.8%), the elderly group from 60 to 79 yrs (n=3847, 59.9%) and the old old group from 80 to 99 yrs (n=738, 11.5%). The percentages of hypertension patients in the same age group over the same period were calculated and the comorbidities were observed respectively. Results Of 6426 hypertensive cases, there were 3438 males (53.5%) and 2988 females (46.5%), ranging from 18 to 99 yrs with the average age of (66.3± 12. 1) yrs. There were 25 504 inpatients over 18 years old including 11 208 in the youth group, 5389 in the middle-aged group, 7596 in the elderly group and 1311 in the old old group. The proportions of hypertension inpatients to total in-patients in the four age groups were 2.8%, 28. 4%, 50.7% and 56.3% respectively. In the youth and middle-aged groups, numbers of males with hypertension were more than of females, however there was no significant difference in gender in the elderly and the old old groups. Within 6426 inpatients with hypertension, 2069 (32.2 %) had diabetes mellitus, 1508 (23.5%) had hyperlipidemia, 105 (1.6 % )had sleep apnea syndrome, 1061 (16.5%) had coronary artery disease, 904 (14.1%) had heart failure, 2353 (36.6%) had stroke and 678 (10. 6%) had kidney failure. Conclusions The prevalence of hypertension increases with ageing significantly. The correlated risk factors for hypertension include diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and sleep apnea syndrome, being a clustering phenomenon, especially for elder patients. These risk factors also deteriorate the damage on heart,brain, kidney and other target organs, which might ultimately result in serious cardio-cerebral vascular events. Therefore, besides control of blood pressure, we should strengthen the complex treatment on hypertension to prevent and delay the occur of complicating diseases.

Study on feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis Radix / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the feasibility of cutting process of fresh Angelica sinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis methods were used to evaluate the quality of different cutting processed A. sinensis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of ligustilide and ferulic acid in the fresh cutting processed were both lower than the traditional cutting process, and the similarity of fingerprints of two different cutting processed A. sinensis were basically above 90%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of cutting process of fresh A. sinensis was not suitable apparently, and the effect on clinical application of these two different cutting processed A. sinensis need more study.</p>

Determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in Daemonorops draco by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in Daemrnonorops draco by HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Dikma Diamonsil C15 column(4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of (60:40). The temperature of column was 30 degrees C. The flow rate was 1:0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was at 210 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve was in good linearity with in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 microg (r = 0.9999). The average recovery was 100.1% (n=6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, rapid, as well as precise and reliable, and can be used for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in D. draco.</p>

Clinical analysis of related risk factors in 558 hospitalized cases with atrial fibrillation / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the related risk factors in patients with atrial fibrillation in order to prevent and delay the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.Methods Five hundred and fifty-eight inpatients with atrial fibrillation were retrospectively analyzed from June 2005 to June 2008.They were divided into several groups according to the age and the characteristics of the elder patients with atrial fibrillation were analyzed.Results In the 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 298 males (53.4%) and 260 females (46.6%) aged from 21 to 97 years.The average age was (72.8 ±10.1) years.There were 57 cases aged 21-59 years(10.2 %)and 501 cases aged 60-97 years(89.8 %).The total number of inpatients in our hospital was 11 869, and there were 4049 cases aged<60 years, 2527 cases aged 60-69 years, 3971 cases aged 70-79 years, 1244 cases aged 80-89 years and 78 cases aged>90 years.The proportions of the inpatients with atrial fibrillation in the above five age groups of inpatients were 1.4%(57 cases), 4.2%(107 cases), 6.6% (262 cases), 9.5%(118 cases)and 17.9% (14 cases), respectively.In 558 cases with atrial fibrillation, there were 230 cases (41.2%) with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 44 cases (7.9%) with persistent atrial fibrillation and 284 cases (50.9%) with permanent atrial fibrillation.The most common underlying disease was hypertension in the 558 cases, followed by coronary heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, rheumatic heart disease and so on.Conclusions The prevalence of atrial fibrillation is increased with aging.Hypertension, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure, hyperthyroidism,diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease and renal failure are all the risk factors for atrial fibrillation.

Application of "fingers pain score model" in pain evaluation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristic and satisfaction degree of clinical applica-tion of "fingers pain score model" from the aspects of nurses and patients in order to evaluated the fea- sibility and pragmatism of the model. Methods "Fingers pain score model" was designed and to-gether with the NRS- 10 scale were applied in clinic for 2 years. Evaluation from both nurses and patients were in-vestigated after two-year probation, and the results underwent χ<'2> test. Results Evaluation from nurses on convenience, fidelity, communication and satisfaction of "fingers pain score model"were all sig-nificantly higher compared with the control. And evaluation from patients on direct-viewing,accuracy,re-ception and satisfaction of "fingers pain score model"were different from the NRS- 10 control, except for the fidelity. Conclusions Outweighing the NRS- 10 scale, the "fingers pain score model" is a better choice to meet the needs of the nurses and patients in pain evaluation in clinic.

Study of Effective Ingredient in Huanglianjiedu Decoction under Different Decocting Conditions / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To analysis the effective ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction under different decocting conditions. Methods The detecting method of HPLC was established and the ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction under different decocting time and times were analyzed. Result Water- soluble glycoside of gardenoside and baicalin reached balance of dissolution within 20 min and their dissolution rate were about 82% and 60% respectively. Water-soluble alkaloids of berberine and palmatine reached balance of dissolution within 30 min and their dissolution rate were about 45%. The dissolution rate of wogonin was 31% at 60 min. The dissolution rate of Crocin-Ⅰ reached top at 20 min and fell down after 20 min. Decocting times for fat-soluble constitutes was more important than water-soluble constitutes. Conclusion The decocting condition has effect on the dissolution rate and stability of the ingredients in Huanglianjiedu decoction. The decocting condition is very important to the quality control of decoction.